From 1938 to 1970 the site of the prison was a Royal Air Force base. It was then used as a transit camp for Ugandan Asian refugees, before opening in 1975 as a prison.
During the 1980s there were a number of alterations to the fabric of the prison, and in November 1997 part of the prison (Highpoint North) was converted to hold women prisoners. The women's prison is now called Edmunds Hill and has its own web page. In 2005 it was once more returned to the male estate as HMP Peterborough came on stream and the female population was redirected to the new establishment.

